The purpose of this article is threefold. First, this article elaborates and differentiates the meanings of manager and leader. Second, it reviews the common principles and specific measures of the performance management systems in some of the OECD countries. According to this review, we explain the relationship between performance pay system and administrative leadership, and further identify their development in the future. Finally, based on the OECD experience and the survey results from administrative elites in Taiwan, this article suggests that the civil service in Taiwan should establish a culture of performance management, adjust the pay schemes for the senior civil servants, and strengthen the leadership training and development. Keywords: Performance Bonus, Performance Management, Administrative Leadership.