This article is to discuss on the precedence of training over recruitment or vice versa for high-ranking public service manpower, and to analyze and probe into the practical relativity between those two aspects by means of the theoretical analysis of the concept of key capability and the related international experience. Particular emphasis is mad on that as a high-ranking public function is involved with implied knowledge and ability, it cannot be fully understood by following the way of evaluation of dominant ability. Therefore, this article holds that the "training first & recruitment second" and "training-recruitment-in-one" principles for management of high-ranking human resource shall be set up with education/training as a starting point and with the concept of key functions. Also, it is suggested that "public function learning system" and "candidacy system" be adopted so as to make up for the defect and deficiency in the traditional recruitment system.