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中央與地方人事制度分立之研究

標題 中央與地方人事制度分立之研究
研究年度(民國年) 105 研究主持人 孫同文
撰稿人 參加人數
專案會議 2016 研究方式 自行研究(機關預算)
研究經費 研究機構 國立暨南國際大學公共行政與政策學系
中文關鍵字 人事制度、公務人員、中央與地方政府
英文關鍵字 personnel system, the central and the local government
中文摘要 地方制度法自 1999 年 1 月 25 日公布施行迄今已逾 17 年,但人
事制度上並未區分中央與地方公務人員。中央政府所負責推行者多屬
全國政務,對各行政機關均有指揮監督之權責;而因地方政府對地方
自治之需求,其必須有一定之人事自主權。此情況導致中央與地方政
府對地方人事制度產生嚴重的衝突。因此,中央與地方對於人事權應
該如何區分,實為本研究探討之重心。
我國公務人員制度,不採中央與地方分立的雙軌制(dualism),
而是採一般單一國家慣用的中央與地方公務員一體適用單軌制
(monism)。有鑑於此,本研究針對中央與地方政府的人事制度差異,
探析地方政府的人力運用問題。本次研究總問題意識為:中央與地方
人事制度是否應走向分立?議題之範圍為「中央與地方職務列等」、
「中央與地方員額編制(包含考試與任用)」,以及「中央與地方人事
權衝突」等議題。
本研究使用文獻分析、深度訪談、焦點座談與銓敘資料庫分析等
方法,彙整與蒐集論述之基礎。根據相關資訊與數據分析,我們認為
現階段暫時無須訂定地方公務人員法。
惟有數項中央與地方人事衝突或地方自治需求議題,仍需要後續
研究,探明各項人事制度業務中的爭議所在,作為現行制度下彈性調
整與漸進改革的基礎。最後我們針對中央與地方人事制度分立的問題,
提出一些短期與長期的建議。
英文摘要 Local Government Act has been promulgated and enforced over 17
years since 1999. Personnel system does not distinguish between the
central and the local government. The central government is responsible
for the national affairs and has to command and supervise administrative
agencies. However, the local government must have personnel autonomy.
It leads to a serious conflict between the central and local governmental
personnel systems. We want to analyze how to distinguish personnel
authority between the central and the local government.
The law of the civil servants does not adopt the dualism of central
and local governments, but adopt monism customarily which the whip
system from central government to local government. In view of this, the
study is targeted at the gap between the personnel system of central and
local government. It investigates the problems in the utilization from
local government’s human resource system. Our research discusses
whether local personnel system should be separated from that of the
central government? There are three issues that we have to analyze:
“grading of position”, “staff structure (includes examinations and
appointment)”, and “conflict”.
We use methods of literature review, in-depth interview, focus group
discuss and civil servant database analysis to discuss the human resource
system in central and local authorities. According the information and
data analysis, there is no need to formulate Local Civil Servant Act.
We still have several issues about the clashes between the central
and local government personnel systems. On the basis of what
controversy we’ve explored, we ought to reform the current personnel
systems. Finally, we made some short-term and long-term suggestions on
the matter of separated personnel system for each local authority.
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