警察總是權威式的領導嗎？從QCA方法析探改變警察領導風格
之影響因素
湯汶瑜、洪俊瑋、王俊元
《摘要》
過去的文獻普遍認為警察在重視紀律、講究服從之準則下，領導者通常會採取較為權威式的領導風格，以確保迅速動員與使命必達。然而無論一般行政機關或企業組織有關於領導之討論，可發現領導風格日趨多元化。本研究主要目的在探討個人的警察領導風格是否改變以及影響之因素。研究方法首先以「回溯」之途徑進行深度訪談，再藉由融合質化與量化優勢的質性比較分析法，透過資料編碼、運算和分析回應本研究問題，並據此延伸出「教育訓練」與「實務管理」之政策建議方向。研究發現，警察領導風格確實會改變，除了在層次上可區分為暫時性切換與本質上改變之外，同時也受到外部因素：「環境與組織因素」、「部屬特質」、「職位特性」與內部因素：「個人特質」、「能力」、「價值觀」之影響，而其中「環境與組織因素」和「能力」是影響警察領導風格改變之關鍵因素。整體觀之，外部因素對於改變結果亦占有較高之比重。
[關鍵詞]：警察、領導風格、質性比較分析法（QCA）、教育訓練、改變與切換
Do Police Always Conduct Authoritative Leadership? A Study on Influencing Factors of Changing Police Leadership Style by the QCA Method
Wen-Yu Tang, Jyun-Wei Hong, Chun-yuan Wang
Abstract
Following the principles of discipline and obedience, leaders are often expected to adopt an authoritative leadership style to ensure rapid mobilization and mission accomplishment. However, from the discussion on leadership in general administrative agencies or business organizations, it can be found that leadership styles are becoming more and more diverse. The main purpose of this study is to explore whether an individual police officer’s leadership style has changed and determine the influencing factors. To this end, retrospective in-depth interviews are conducted and followed by a qualitative comparative analysis (QCA), which combines qualitative and quantitative advantages to encode the data, carry out calculations, and complete the analysis in response to the research questions, ultimately coming up with policy recommendations for education training and practical management.
This study found that the police leadership style will indeed change, including temporary switch and essential changes, and is subject to external factors—namely, environmental and organizational factors, subordinate traits, job characteristics, and internal factors (i.e., personal qualities, abilities, and values). “Environmental and organizational factors” and “ability” are the key factors affecting the change of police leadership style. Overall, external factors account for more results of the change.
Keywords: police, leadership style, qualitative comparative analysis (QCA), education and training, change and switch