臺灣2020年新冠肺炎防疫大作戰之啟示：政策工具觀點分析
張四明
《摘要》
2020年新冠肺炎國際疫情來勢洶洶之際，臺灣的政府防疫表現備受各界的稱許。本研究以2020年1月至8月底臺灣防疫大作戰為觀察期間，試圖從政策工具理論觀點分別解析：（1）政府選擇及使用的防疫工具類型，（2）影響防疫工具設計與選擇的因素，以及（3）數位科技對政府防疫工具運用的影響等3項問題。
本文獲得以下重要發現：其一，政府對新冠肺炎防治採取多元工具併用、硬軟兼施的策略，防疫戰術的優先順序強調先防疫、後紓困，所使用的工具類型非常多樣化，基本上混搭各種不同類型、但相適配的政策工具；其二，防疫工具的選擇與運用是建立在先前經驗與既有的基礎上，因此多數工具是在地連結的、與臺灣環境系絡相關，反映政府治理模式、以及民間社會文化的底蘊內涵；其三，數位科技被廣泛運用於臺灣政府的防疫作為，且有銳化政策工具的效果；如「健保卡」可查詢旅遊史、接觸史和職業別等資訊，成為追蹤管理染疫高風險個案的利器，以及「口罩地圖」等類似推力（quasi-nudge）原理的資訊工具充分發揮對特定標的團體「分眾傳播」的功能。最後，考量新冠肺炎疫情及其他公共治理的挑戰依然嚴峻，本文建議政府應積極開發應用推力原理的新型態政策工具。
[關鍵詞]： 新冠肺炎、政府防疫、政策工具、推力
Inspiration of Taiwan’s Battle against COVID-19 Pandemic in 2020: A Policy Tools Perspective
Ssu-Ming Chang
Abstract
As the COVID-19 pandemic kept raging, Taiwan's epidemic prevention performance has been praised by many countries around the world. From the policy tools perspective, the study explores government's epidemic prevention measures from January to the end of August in 2020, and answers the following three questions: (1) the types of tools selected and used by the governments, (2) factors affecting the design and selection of policy tools, and (3) the impact of digital technology on the use of government tools.
The findings are as follows: First, the governments have adopted a combination of multiple tools, with a combination of hard and soft strategies, and the types of tools used are mixed and very diverse, but corresponding policy tools are matched. Also, the priority of government tactics is epidemic prevention first and bailout later. Second, the selection and application of epidemic-fighting tools are based on previous experience and some existing infrastructures in Taiwan. Therefore, most of the tools are locally connected, contextually related to Taiwan’s environment, reflecting the governance model as well as people’s cultural heritage. Third, digital technology has been widely used by Taiwan’s government in its measures of epidemic prevention, with an effect of sharpening these policy tools. Considering that the challenge of the COVID-19 is still very serious, it is suggested that the government should actively develop new policy tools based on the nudge principle.
Keywords: COVID-19, epidemic prevention, policy tools, nudge