公共政策與市場精巧設計
徐仁輝
《摘要》
上世紀後期的新自由主義浪潮推動了民營化與解除管制等公共政策的盛行，政府退居二線讓市場機制主導資源配置的呼聲甚囂雲上。然而時至今日21世紀，吾人看到的是企業誠信、金融風暴、貧富差距與社會階層對立等問題，市場化與自由化政策到底出了甚麼問題？顯然過去三、四十年來，自由化主張只是一廂情願的縮減政府的職能範疇（scope），而忽視了政府的執行力。我們過度簡化的將政府與市場二分法，更是只有激起了許多無謂的公共政策辯論。透過分析金融市場與勞動市場個案，發現市場可以承擔更多的功能，但須要做好精巧設計；政府公共政策應扮演好設計者與監督者的角色，只有如此市場機制才能好好運作發揮其功能。本文建議公共政策應朝公共參與、健全法制與強化企業誠信方向努力，同時應注意政策執行力。
[關鍵詞]： 民營化、解除管制、市場化、公共政策
Public Policy & Crafting Market Policy
Jen-Hui Hsu
Abstract
Neoliberalism encouraged privatization and deregulation in the later period of the twentieth century. Thus the markets occupied the main position to allocate resources in the economy. However, the problems of business integrity, fiscal crisis, and the disparity of rich and poor happen in the twenty-first century. What went wrong with the marketization and liberalization policies? In the past, liberalization policies only focused on the reduction of public scope, and ignored the issue of government execution. The over-simplified classification of government and market also encouraged nonsensical policy arguments. Through the studies of finance market and labor market, we found the market mechanism can take more responsibility but need to be crafted. The public policy should play the role of a designer and monitor to help the markets to work better. Public policy should focus more on public participation, the legal system, and business integrity. The ability of policy execution should not be ignored either.
Keywords: privatization, deregulation, marketization, public policy