隔離還是聚合？民主轉型過程中軍人政治態度持續與變遷
余一鳴
《摘要》
軍人是廣義的公務員，在民主化的過程中軍隊往往扮演關鍵性的角色。因此，了解軍人在民主化過程中的政治態度變化，成為觀察民主轉型的重要指標。本文透過1999、2003、2010及2014年等4個時期的實證調查資料，分析16年來軍隊政治態度的變遷狀況。研究結果顯示，國軍在民主化的過程中，除了公民責任感呈現下降的趨勢，其他的政治態度並沒有因為政黨輪替而出現巨幅改變，在與公民角色相關的政治態度上呈現與民間社會一致，而在與軍人角色相關的政治態度上呈現差異。雖然，軍隊在政治信任感普遍不高，但受到文人統制概念的約束，使得軍隊始終扮演著民主體系的捍衛者。
[關鍵詞]：文人至上、民主鞏固、文人統制、文武關係、政治發展
Segregation or Convergence? Changes of Political Attitudes of Members of ROC Armed Forces during the Process of Democratization
Yi-Ming Yu
Abstract
Soldiers are civil servants in a broad sense, and the military often plays a key role in the process of democratization. Therefore, the changes of soldiers’ political attitudes during the democratization process have become an important indicator of democratic transition. This study analyzed 16 years of changes in the soldiers’ political attitudes using empirical data from surveys conducted in 1999, 2003, 2010, and 2014. The results indicated that, apart from a decline in the sense of civic duty during the democratization process, ruling party alternations did not substantially affect other aspects of political attitudes of the Republic of China Armed Forces. Among soldiers, political attitudes towards the role of citizens were found to be consistent with those held by civilians, while differences were observed in the two groups’ political attitudes towards the role of soldiers. Despite the soldiers’ generally low level of trust in politicians, the military continues to play its role as a protector of democracy under the concept of civilian control of the military.
Keywords: civil supremacy, democracy consolidation, civilian control, Civil-Military Relations, political development