當「道德」遇上「審議」：2014流浪犬政策公民會議效果之研究
胡慧君、吳宗憲
《摘要》
臺灣當前社會中，同性婚姻、死刑、代理孕母等「道德政策」（morality policy），其背後往往因嵌入矛盾的社會價值與道德衝突，使得政府在管理上面對諸多的挑戰，而近年因「審議轉向」（deliberative turn），使審議民主（deliberative democracy）逐漸蔚為風潮，然而，檢閱相關道德政策文獻，並未多著墨公共審議對道德政策之影響，另方面，公民會議相關研究，亦未特別關切道德政策議題對會議之可能效果。
近年來，動物保護漸成為社會關注的公共政策議題，但其背後亦涉及複雜的價值衝突，使得政府決策時常有左支右絀之感，農委會於是希望能透過創新的決策模式，來解決動保價值衝突問題，而這也就是2014年「流浪犬管理政策公民審議會議」的背景。
本研究則以該會議作為研究個案，探討其對於利害相關人（公民、農委會、工研院、公民會議執行委員會）之影響，並透過深度訪談、田野調查、問卷調查、文獻分析等研究方法進行資料蒐集與分析。研究發現，除了少數項目不符預期外，道德政策公民會議的影響，不但提升公民知能，甚至使公民更加同理，對於議題思考更加全面，亦使對於議題本身價值論辯的激烈程度降低，同時亦促使公民與政府對話的可能，公民能體諒政府執行的難為之處，此外當政府因道德政策的不可治理性進退兩難時，在執行道德政策之前亦能夠透過審議的對談，探悉議題的癥結點與瞭解公民的意見，進而在設計未來政策方案時，多能朝向公民共識方向前進，使公民會議結論對後續政策影響更具意義與具體。
[關鍵詞]：審議民主、公民會議、道德政策、流浪犬
When Morality Meets Deliberation: Impact of 2014 Consensus Conference of Stray Dog Policy
Hui-Chun Hu, Chuang-Hsien Wu
Abstract
In current society of Taiwan, morality policies such as same-sex marriage, death penalty, and surrogacy form many challenges in governmental management due to contradictions of social and moral values. Recently, deliberative turn has made deliberative democracy trendy. However, on the one hand, not much impact of public deliberation on morality policy could be found in literature review. On the other hand, researches on consensus conference pay little attention to possible effects caused by morality policy.
In recent years, animal protection gradually becomes a focus of public policy. Nevertheless, the government frequently feels lost in decision making because this issue involves complicated value conflict. As a result, the Council of Agriculture (COA) tried to solve the problem with innovative decision-making model that help realize the 2014 Consensus Conference of Stray Dog Policy.
This research takes the conference as a case study to collect and analyze data with in-depth interview, field study, questionnaire, literature review, etc., in order to probe its impact on stakeholders namely citizens, the COA, the Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI), and the executive committee of consensus conference. The study found that except for a few items failing to meet expectation, consensus conference on morality policy not only enhances civilian capacity, compassion, and comprehensive thinking, but also reduces the intensity of debate. Meanwhile, it urges the dialogue between the government and citizens, allowing them to understand the difficulty of implementation. On top of that, when the government gets in the dilemma of governability, deliberative dialogue before performing can be the key to explore bottlenecks and public opinion, as well as making future policy and program design more meaningful and concrete toward the conclusion of consensus conference.
Keywords: deliberative democracy, consensus conference, morality policy, stray dog