實踐公務員倫理法制的範圍與方法：國際趨勢與臺灣現況
蔡秀涓、陳敦源
《摘要》
臺灣從經濟自由化到政治民主化的發展，曾經被譽為二次「奇蹟」，然而，臺灣人民在一次又一次的公部門貪腐訊息當中，卻又對目前民主治理品質存有很深的疑慮；從國內外幾項重要的相關調查則可看出，我國政府總體公務員的倫理表現，有必要進行重建。因此，本文認為臺灣該如何建構一個不同於威權體制時代、且符合國際上民主國家發展趨勢的全新公務倫理法制體系，是一個重要的焦點。本文首先從文獻回顧討論公務員倫理法制與民主治理的關係及重要性、相關意涵、以及有效性原則的基礎概念。接著，在相關的理論基礎之上，本文討論國際組織對於公共服務倫理法制的相關建議，以及選擇包括英、美、德、加、日、韓等六個經濟合作暨發展組織國家的相關倫理法制建設，從適用對象、核心價值、程序與法典化程度、規範面向與標準、負責機構等五個面向進行綜合分析，這些分析顯示，健全預防及管理倫理問題相關機制，以及強化高度倫理表現之組織領導與文化，是國際之共同趨勢。最後，本文再將這些跨國比較的內容，與臺灣目前倫理法制的現狀進行比對，藉此展現臺灣面對國際倫理法制建設的現狀，可以進行的相關改革方向。最後本文分別從健全預防與管理倫理問題基礎建設，以及強化高度倫理表現相關機制兩個面向，提出以下六項臺灣未來可以進行的倫理法制建設方向：（一）儘速建構一個統合性倫理法典；（二）更加強化政治中立價值與政治活動規範面向；（三）離職後規範應更加嚴格；（四）具體與豐富化公務員倫理法制核心價值（五）重新思考廉政署之位階；（六）持續強化公務員倫理教育、倫理領導與公民社會參與。
[關鍵詞]： 公務員、倫理法制、民主治理、行政倫理、公共服務倫理
The Scope and Method of Implementing Civil Service Ethics: A Taiwanese Case Study with International Comparison
Hsiu-Chuan Tsai, Don-Yun Chen
Abstract
The political democratization in Taiwan has been hailed as the “second miracle” following the economic miracle that began in the 1960s. However, more and more reports about corruption in government have led Taiwanese to think twice on the second miracle. As a result, the ethical quality of the new democracy has become the focus of democratic consolidation in the future. In this paper, we first review the importance, legal implications, and principle of civil service ethics framework. It is vital to sustaining democratic institutions in a new democracy such as Taiwan. From a forward looking perspective, implanting the public service ethic framework means transforming Taiwanese government from authoritarian into democratic governance. Secondly, we use Canada, Germany, Japan, Korea, the United Kingdom, and the United States as comparing countries to illustrate the development of civil service ethical framework, which includes the target group, core values, procedural & codified level, regulating standards, and organizational arrangements. We find that while there are diverse ways to implement civil service ethics, the aim -- to improve the ethic underpinning of governance -- is the same for all nations. Lastly, we compare current Taiwanese public service ethic framework with these six countries and suggest that (1) Taiwan needs a unified law on public service ethics; (2) Traditional administrative ethics should be replaced by public service ethics; (3) Political neutrality and activities should be emphasized; (4) The “revolving door” doctrine should be enforced; (5) Reconsider the organizational level of the Agency against Corruption; and (6) Keep promoting public service ethic education.
Keywords: public service, legal code of ethics, democratic governance, administrative ethics, public service ethics