論公務人員特種考試限制應考資格對人民基本權之影響
林全發
《摘要》
國家考試除高普、初等考試為全國性的一般考試，另有因機關特殊需求而舉辦的特種考試等兩大管道。兩者雖為公務人員之考試，但應考資格限制方面則有其差異性，依憲法第十八條規定人民有應考試服公職之權，公務人員特種考試與高普、初等考試，均列屬為人民的基本權。限制應考資格，固然符合機關之特殊需求，但特殊需求應指工作或業務上之需求，而非完全對人之特殊需求。因此，訂定公務人員特種考試規則，限制應考資格，則可能侵犯人民在考試的平等權及工作權。若將公務人員特種考試讓人民有參與考試之機會，於考試及格後再輔以基礎及實務訓練，淘汰不適任之人員。在保障人民基本權與機關特殊需求人才之間則能取得平衡。
[關鍵詞]： 社會基本權、基本權、考試權、公務人員特種考試
The Influences of Qualification Limits on People’s Fundamental Rights in Civil Service Special Examinations
Chuan-Fa Lin
Abstract
There are two major national examinations: one is common examinations, including Civil Service Elementary Examinations, Civil Service Junior Examinations, and Civil Service Senior Examinations; the other is Civil Service Special Examinations for special government organizations. They are both civil service examinations, but the limits on qualification are different. According to Article 18 of the R.O.C Constitution, which stipulates “The people shall have the right to take public examinations and hold public offices.” It is the fundamental rights of the people to take these two major examinations. Although qualification limits are set for the special needs of government organizations, the limits should be professional rather than personal. Since equal rights and employment rights of the people may be violated by the qualification limits in Civil Service Special Examinations, the examinations should be fully open to all of the people. People who pass the examinations may take basic and practical training, and be screened out if they are not qualified. Therefore, a balance must be maintained between protecting people’s fundamental rights and the special demands of government organizations.
Keywords: social fundamental rights, fundamental rights, examination powers, Civil Service Special Examinations