落實行政民主理念與建構相關體制：以互動管理探討兩岸直航對澎湖的影響及因應策略為例
汪明生、黃于恬、劉陳昭玲
《摘要》
行政民主是民主國家行政治理的主要發展趨勢，在政策制訂與決策過程中，期與民眾有更積極的互動溝通，瞭解更多元之民意及其偏好，有利於政策品質之提升。故此，近幾年公民參與政府決策呼聲日趨增加，倡議公民會議之舉行即是一例。本研究運用互動管理之公共論壇平台，以澎湖縣因應兩岸直航為主題，邀請澎湖縣產、官、學、民、媒各界代表24位，進行多元觀點之交流，理性論證，互動管理結合名義群體技術與詮釋結構模式法的程序分析方法，釐清各策略間之增強關係，製作增強結構關係圖，釐清各項策略推動之優先強化順序及目標方向，終經參與者審酌修改結構圖，確認因應兩岸直航十二項策略之共識。研究結果擬供政府相關決策者於研議兩岸政策之參考與回應，並期政府相關部門深入基層傾聽民眾心聲，以公共論壇之理性論辯、民主多元之方式交流，促進公民意識的培養，提昇公民社會的水平，落實公民治理的目標。
[關鍵詞]：互動管理、兩岸直航、行政民主
The Implementation of the Concept of Administrative Democracy and Its Institution Construction: Using Interactive Management to Explore the Impact of Cross-Strait Direct Transportation on Penghu and Its Adaptive Strategies
Ming-Shen Wang, Yu-Tien Huang, Chao-Ling Liu
Abstract
Administrative democracy has become a major trend for administrative governance in democratic countries. In the process of policy-making, administrative organizations are more willing to interact and communicate with the public to understand public opinions better so that the adopted policy is of higher quality and can satisfy public demands. As a result, in the recent years citizens have been increasingly calling for participating in the government’s policy-making process, such as through the proposed citizen conferences. Using an interactively managed public forum platform, this research explores the issue of the adaptive strategy adopted by Penghu County in response to cross-strait direct transportation. We invited 24 representatives from the industry, government, academic institutions, private organizations, and the press in Penghu County to share their versatile perspectives and to participate in rational debate. We combined the Interactive Management (IM) with Nominal Group Technique (NGT) and the process analysis of Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) to identify the reinforced relations among each strategy, and to generate a relations diagram of the reinforced structure. It was to verify the priority of reinforcement for each strategy and their directions. After the participants modified the structural chart, there was finally a consensus on the 12 strategies in cross-strait transportation. The research result could serve as references for the government policy-makers in making cross-strait policies. We expect that the related government departments could listen to heed people’s opinions and communicate with them through rational debate in a democratic and open-minded fashion at public forums. This may help cultivate civil awareness, upgrade the standard of a civil society, and realize the objective of citizen governance.
Keywords: Interactive Management, Cross-Strait Direct Transportation, administrative democracy