地方議會分配政治網絡分析：以南投縣第17與18屆議員提案為例
簡子文、林晏生、張浩也、孫同文
《摘要》
分配政治的權力圖像為何？是國會研究的一個重要缺口，然地方議會的分配政治研究則更是鳳毛麟角。究竟影響國會分配政治的因素是否能適切解釋地方議會權力運作？仍待進一步探討。基此，本研究以選區、政黨、資深與選戰競爭程度等因子，檢視地方議會分配政治提案的權力運作網絡。
經檢證，前述因素均無法有效預測分配政治提案網絡中心性。透過網絡分析，政黨與資深程度是影響南投縣議會分配政治權力圖像的重要因子；選區與選戰競爭程度的影響程度雖然依稀可見但並不明顯。
就實務意涵言，欲提升提案影響力，就必須獲得藍營資深與他黨資淺議員更多的滾木機會，共同推動有利選民的特殊利益。公共管理者應正視分配政治可能帶來的分配失衡疑慮，並輔以調節行動中和之。
就理論意涵言，國會分配政治影響因素無法有效預測地方議會提案網絡中心性的原因，與提案並非實際利益分配結果不無關係，然中心性指標仍極可能與議員身處的選區實際利益具有潛在關聯。由此，透由中心性指標進一步延伸連結實質政策利益分配結果，可作為未來研究方法上之突破。第二，地方議會之權力運作有著更為深層的影響因素，能否以國會因素延伸討論，有待後續研究進一步考量地方更為深層的社會互動後釐清。
[關鍵詞]：地方議會、分配政治、社會網絡分析、提案、連署
Social Network Analysis of Distributive Politics in Local Councils: An Example of the 17th and 18th Nantou County Council
Tzu-Wen Chien, Yen-Sheng Lin, Hao-Yeh Chang, Tung-Wen Sund
Abstract
How does power project itself in distributive politics? Few studies on this topic have been done in the research of Taiwan’s Legislature, and even fewer on the distribution politics of local councils. Could the factors that affect the distributive politics of the national parliament properly explain the power operation of local councils? It remains to be further explored. Therefore, this study examines the power operation network of local councils in distributing political proposals based on constituencies, political parties, seniority of parliamentarians, and degree of competition in election campaigns, which are important factors that affect the parliament’s distribution politics.
First, it is found through statistical verification that none of these factors can effectively explain the relationship between proposals in local distribution politics. Second, through network analysis, factors such as the seniority of political parties and parliamentarians are important factors that affect the power images of distribution politics in Nantou County Council. Although senior councilors occupied the core positions in the 17th and 18th Council, as the main senior councilors changed their political careers and new councilors rose up, junior councilors began to play another important role in the distribution of political proposal networks in the 18th Council. In terms of electoral districts and electoral competition, some electoral districts continue to have strong connections and interactions. Councilors with less electoral competition are obviously in a marginal position in the distribution political network of the local council, and are less active in putting forth joint legislative proposals. On the whole, the degree of influence of constituency factors and the degree of competition in the election campaign on the local distribution of political proposals and the network of joint signatures for legislative proposals is vaguely visible but not obvious.
As far as the practical implications are concerned, in order to further gain more influence in the new round of joint proposals, it is necessary to obtain more opportunities for senior councilors of KMT and junior councilors of other parties to jointly promote special interests that are beneficial to voters. Public managers should face up to the misgivings of distributional imbalance that may be brought about by distributional politics, and take regulatory actions to minimize the potential imbalance.
In terms of theoretical implications, the factors that have influenced distributive politics of parliament in the past cannot properly explain the power operation of local councils. The power operation of local councils has deeper influence factors, which cannot be regarded as the same as that of parliament. It needs to be clarified after further research considers the deeper social interaction in the local councils.
Keywords: local council, distributive politics, social network analysis, proposal of bills, petition