家庭照顧假的日韓比較與政策啟示
許雲翔
《摘要》
隨著女性教育機會普及，女性勞動參率增加，雙薪家庭也同比例上升。然而受到傳統性別角色影響，進入勞動市場的婦女仍須負擔家庭照顧責任。而當家庭成員遭遇醫療或其他緊急情況發生時，為了因應此種壓力，許多雙薪家庭中的一位通常被迫辭去工作，退出勞動市場，在高齡化社會的趨勢下此種抉擇更為常見。如何兼顧工作與家庭，不僅是員工的問題，也是企業主的管理問題，需要政府介入提供協助。本研究選擇與我國相近之日本及韓國進行比較，分析家庭照顧假及家庭照顧留職停薪之成立背景，提出可參考之法令內容方案及政策建議，建立支持性職場，避免女性因照顧而退出勞動，並促進性別工作平權。
[關鍵詞]：有薪家庭照顧假、家庭工作生活平衡、女性勞動參與
Comparison of Family Leave Legislation between Japan and Korea and Its Implications
Yun-Hsiang Hsu
Abstract
With the women's educational opportunities increasing in recent years, the rate of women's labor participation has increased, and the proportion of double-income families has also increased. However, affected by traditional gender roles, women entering the labor market still have to bear family care responsibilities. In response to such pressures, one of the members of double-income families is often forced to quit their jobs and withdraw from the labor market when family members encounter medical or other emergencies. This choice is more common in the aging society. The balance of work and family is not only a problem for employees, but also a management problem for business owners. It requires government involvement to provide assistance. This study compares the paid and unpaid family leave regulations of Taiwan, Japan, Korea. The research suggests policy recommendations for a decree to establish a supportive workplace that promotes equal rights of gender and keeps women from withdrawing from work because of their traditional role as care providers.
Keywords: paid family leave, work life balance, female labor participation