青年公共參與的制度分析：政府青年專責單位與代表性形成
許雲翔、宋威穎、曾丰彥
《摘要》
當前青年公共參與主要以各級政府的青年事務專責單位，結合青年代表的模式運作。在行政組織層面，顯與過往單一且集權的架構大相逕庭，但在代表性形成仍承襲統合主義模式，意圖遴選青年領袖吸納此一族群的政治能量。本研究從歷史制度觀點，檢視我國青年專責單位及代表形成方式，釐清其政策形成方式的影響。研究訪談專責機構人員與青年代表，初步發現政策學習統合主義所希望創造的效果並不存在，原本政治疏離的青年族群並無法充分黏著，結果是產生由行政機關所認定各種形式不同的優秀代表，卻沒有辦法廣納青年意見，因而在各級政府均複製過去統合主義的困境。其次在總統青年賦權政見下，各地青年代表性機關政治性強，事務性弱，缺乏清楚組織使命與定位，任務模糊與政策資源配置重複；在各級政府彼此政策學習下，產出為數甚多且相近的政策倡議，卻難以轉化成具體且可執行的世代政策。最後，青年代表在此過程中受到馴化，追認各項符合代表性機關對於青年公共參與想像的補助案，機關亦可滿足關鍵績效指標，兩者形成共生關係，卻偏離了青年賦權的政策目標。透過檢視此一以世代為特徵的代表性機關及其所代表族群，研究提出其應有定位及補強代表性的作法。
[關鍵詞]：青年公共參與、代表性行政機關、歷史制度
Institutional Analysis of Youth Public Participation: Government Youth Task Force and Representativeness Formation
Yun-Hsiang Hsu, Wei-Ying Sung, Feng-Yan Tzeng
Abstract
In the wake of the Student Movement of March 18th, 2014 local governments in Taiwan started setting up organizations specializing in youth affairs, hoping to facilitate youth participation in public affairs via representative agencies. Although representative agencies of different forms were established, such as Bureau of Youth Affairs and Youth Advisory Committee, local governments continue to adopt traditional corporatism in terms of representative selection, selecting only a handful of youth leaders as representatives to reap and convert their political energy later. To define the role that representative agencies of this generation should play, this study examines the formation of youth affairs divisions in local governments and the representative selection process in those organizations.
From the interviews with personnel and youth representatives at youth affairs-specialized agencies, it emerged that policy learning failed to kindle the passion for politics among disillusioned youth, since the approach caused the dilemma resulting from corporatism to metastasize into other regions, besides producing nominal “outstanding” youths or representatives nominated by executive agencies. The implementation of such a policy also prohibited agencies from taking opinions into account from a wider youth population. Moreover, the President’s call for active engagement in politics by the younger generation politicized regional youth representative agencies, compromising their practical functions. A paucity of a clear mission and organizational identity, compounded by obscure objectives and redundant political resources, produced numerous policy initiatives that were difficult to turn into concrete and feasible policies. Finally, a reciprocal relationship was formed between youth representatives and the agencies that train them, with the former proposing subsidy projects in conformity with the latter’s vision for youth participation in politics, helping the latter meet key performance evaluation standards. The reciprocity between the two players made them deviate further away from the policy goal of encouraging youth participation in public affairs.
Keywords: youth participation in public affairs, representative agencies, traditional mechanism