從政策哲學檢視我國新冠病毒的防疫
徐仁輝、邱筠惠
《摘要》
2020年我國在新冠病毒防疫方面表現傑出，舉世矚目，我國防疫成功關鍵在哪？本文分別從功利主義、自由主義與社群主義的哲學觀，探討公共政策制訂的目的，以及成功的條件。依功利主義的觀點，公共政策的目的在提升社會福利，成功的政策應追求績效；從自由主義的觀點，公共政策出現目的是因為政府的介入，可以矯正市場的失靈，成功的政策須建立在法治基礎上，公開透明與公正，同時照顧弱勢；社群主義重視社群的歸屬感與締結的盟約，政策目的是為了促進集體的安全與繁榮，政策的成功在於加強宣導與溝通，鼓勵全民參與，追求共同目標。陳時中部長在答覆外國媒體詢問時，回答防疫有成的關鍵在於「專家、政府與人民」，即政策制定聽從專家意見、政府決策過程公開透明、以及人民的充分配合。我國防疫政策可謂融合了三大哲學觀點的主張，如政策制定以專業績效為導向、政策執行則依法行政與公開透明，並注重政策的傳播，以爭取國人的信任與形成共識，做到全民抗疫。
[關鍵詞]： 公共政策、新冠病毒、功利主義、自由主義、社群主義
A Review of Taiwan’s Protection Against COVID-19 from the Perspective of Policy Philosophies
Jen-Hui Hsu, Yun-Huei Chiu
Abstract
In 2020, the outstanding performance of Taiwan in its fight against the COVID-19 pandemic has attracted worldwide attention. What is the key to Taiwan’s success in achieving virus protection? This article discusses the purpose of public policy formulation and the conditions for success from the policy philosophical views of utilitarianism, liberalism, and communitarianism. According to utilitarianism, the purpose of public policy is to improve social welfare, and successful policies should pursue performance. From the perspective of liberalism, the intervention of government can correct market failures. And, successful policies must be based on the rule of law through openness, transparency, and fairness, also taking care of the underprivileged groups. Communitarianism attaches importance to the sense of belonging of the community members and the establishment of the covenant. The purpose of public policy is to promote group security and prosperity. A successful policy should strengthen publicity and communication, and encourage all people to participate in pursing the common goal. Responding to foreign media inquiries, Health and Welfare Minister Chen Shih-Chung said that the key to successful protection from COVID-19 lies in “experts, government, and people,” that is, policy making should follow the opinions of experts, the government’s decision-making process should be open and transparent, and full cooperation of the people is also needed. The policy of Taiwan’s combat against COVID-19 can be described as a combination of these three policy philosophical views. Policy formulation is guided by professional performance, policy implementation is governed by law and transparency, and policy dissemination is emphasized in order to win the trust of the people and form a consensus, to achieve the national goal.
Keywords: public policy, COVID-19, utilitarianism, liberalism, communitarianism