潛在文官人才養成的第一哩路：大學多元入學方式的效度分析
李仲彬、胡龍騰、陳志瑋、黃婉玲
《摘要》
政府文官的品質會在三個關鍵時間點受到影響，包含公務人員進入官僚體系前的學校端教育品質、進入公務體系過程之文官考選制度的信效度、以及進入公務體系後文官基礎訓練與在職訓練的成效，而目前多數公務人力資源管理議題的研究，大多著重在前述的後兩個階段上，甚少從最前端的學校教育上切入。本文認為，在學校教育的初始端找到合適的潛在文官人才進行教育，是後續文官體系發展的基礎，公務人力資源管理領域不應該忽略這部分的重要性。臺灣自2002年開始實施大學多元入學方案，主要目的就是要在高等教育端建立起適性選才的環境，讓學生原本的性向和個性，與選擇就讀的科系之間相互契合，並進而透過教育的過程，養成該科系所欲培養人才的特質與能力。
本文的主要目的是以國家文官體系中最大宗的行政類科為例，選取臺北大學公共行政暨政策學系與淡江大學公共行政學系106學年度入學之大一新生進行問卷調查，試圖了解透過多元入學管道中的「非考試分發管道」入學生，是否比透過「考試分發管道」入學的學生，來得更具公共行政領域所需之先備特質？討論大學入學多元制度在國家文官的這個職業領域中的篩選效度。
研究發現，兩個學校中都有一個學校的申請或繁星管道入學的學生，相較於指考分發者，具有較高的領域認同度、對於未來投身公職有較高的期待、較渴望參與政策制定、從事較多志願服務，但在公共參與的經驗上則不會比較多。因此，整體而言，本文認為多元入學制度對於潛在文官人才教育的適性篩選，可以說是有幫助的。
[關鍵詞]： 文官人才養成、大學多元入學、公共行政、適才適所、公共服務動機
The First Stage for Cultivating Future Civil Servants: An Analysis of the Validity of the College Multiple Entrance Program
Chung-Pin Lee, Lung-Teng Hu, Chih-Wei Chen, Wan-Ling Huang
Abstract
Three key factors tend to determine the quality of civil servants: education, the civil service recruitment system, and in-service training. Most current studies on public human resource management neglect the influence of education; however, the applicant’s education prior to public employment is critically important because it builds the foundation for the entire civil service. Taiwan has adopted the College Multiple Entrance Program (CMEP) since 2002. The main purposes of the CMEP are to ensure that admitted students’ academic aptitudes and predispositions better fit the fundamental attributes of their chosen disciplines so that their college education can more effectively develop those students into professionals with the desired capacity and traits.
The present study asks the following question: which students better fit their chosen discipline’s desired attributes, the students admitted through school recommendations and applications or those admitted through traditional placement and registration channels? This study uses data from a 2017 survey of 186 freshmen who majored in public administration at National Taipei University or Tamkang University.
The results indicate that for at least one university, the students who were admitted through school recommendations or applications more strongly identified with their chosen discipline, preferred for working in the public sector, showed higher interest in participating in policy making, and were more engaged with voluntary services, though not civic participation. Accordingly, we argue that the CMEP contributes to the cultivation of future civil servants by matching suitable students to the field of public administration.
Keywords: cultivation of future civil servants, college multiple entrance program, public administration, person-major fit, public service motivation