繁文縟節如何影響公共服務動機？2011年臺灣文官調查資料之分析
陳敦源、黃建勲
《摘要》
公共服務動機被視為公務員的重要特質與工作動力。然而，學界與實務界卻發現，許多人滿懷熱血進入公部門後卻感到無力，其原因來自充滿僵硬與限制的公部門環境，尤其是繁文縟節的束縛。本文討論繁文縟節如何影響公共服務動機，並利用組織與個人連結要素—組織承諾—作為中介變數與解釋機制，進一步探究負面組織結構與個人動機間落差。
本文使用2011年臺灣文官調查資料進行分析並發現，繁文縟節與公共服務動機間具有顯著的負向關聯性，尤其在非情感面向的政策制定關注。此外，本文也發現，組織承諾在繁文縟節與公共服務動機之間發揮完全中介的效果，而在繁文縟節與政策制定關注之間則發生部分中介的效果。此結果意謂，繁文縟節的負擔與限制可能降低公務員對於機關組織認同，又隨著認同感或心理連結降低，異化的人員可能傾向以照章辦事取代政策關懷，逐漸失去服務公眾的動力。最後，依據分析結果，提供公共管理者相關改革建議。
[關鍵詞]：官僚、繁文縟節、公共服務動機、組織承諾
How Does Red Tape Influence Public Service Motivation? A Study of 2011 Taiwan Government Bureaucrats Survey
Don-Yun Chen, Chien-Hsun Huang
Abstract
Previous studies have found that public service motivation (PSM) has been an important mindset and driving force for public administrators and that it could be satisfied in public sector settings where they aim at serving the public. However, scholars and practitioners argued that many members of public service feel powerless due to the constraints on the public sector and its inflexibility, especially the so-called red tape. Previous studies paid little attention to the relationship between red tape and PSM as well as the mechanism in which they have interacted. By analyzing survey data from TGBS (Taiwan Government Bureaucrat Survey) in 2011, the author finds that public administrators’ perceived red tape is negatively associated with PSM, in particular policy-making initiative, and that organizational commitment plays a complete mediator role between red tape and PSM, and a partial mediator role between red tape and policy-making initiative. Those results imply that constraints and burdens from red tape may cause alienation of administrators, leading to lower identity toward the organizations they serve, and then to lower PSM, particularly policy-making initiative. In the final section of this paper, research limits and further researches are identified and management suggestions are also provided for public sector.
Keywords: bureaucracy, red tape, public service motivation, organizational commitment