財政撙節與公共行政
徐仁輝
《摘要》
本論文旨在探討財政撙節政策對於公共行政理論與實務有何影響；藉由觀察OECD主要國家採行的近兩波財政撙節潮流之各項作法，再輔以當時主要的政治思潮主張，可以清楚的分析公共行政的發展方向與內容。石油危機後的財政撙節遇到當時盛行的自由主義，推動新公共管理的誕生。歐債危機後的財政撙節，加速協力治理的運用；社區主義更促使公共治理與公民參與的興盛。本文預計第三波的財政撙節仍將在不遠的未來到臨，因此藉由過去經驗與發展路徑的檢討，相信自由主義與社區的影響仍在；加上人工智慧與大數據的幫助，協力治理與公共治理將更形成熟，行政官僚應扮演好政策教育者的角色，型塑優質公民社會。
[關鍵詞]：財政撙節、公共行政、新公共管理、協力治理、公共治理
Fiscal Austerity and Public Administration
Jen-Hui Hsu
Abstract
The purpose of the article is to explore the impact of fiscal austerity policy on the theories and practices of public administration. Observing the two recent waves of fiscal austerity policies adopted by OECD countries and the mainstream political thoughts, the article gives a clear analysis of the development directions and the contents of public administration. The fiscal austerity after the oil crises and the liberalism thoughts pushed the birth of New Public Management. The austerity programs of European countries following their national debt crises and the rise of communitarianism sped up the adoption of collaborative governance, public governance and citizen participation. The third wave of fiscal austerity will come in the near future. From the experiences and development trends we can see the influence of liberalism and communitarianism still exist, and the collaborative governance and public governance will be further developed with the help of AI and big data. Government officials should play the role of policy educator to encourage citizen participation and help build a strong civil society.
Keywords: fiscal austerity, public administration, new public management, collaborative governance, public governance