評估公務人員行政中立法之禁止行為對公務人員基本權利之影響
林全發
《摘要》
公務人員行政中立法於二○○九年六月十日公布實施，為我國行政中立開啟新的里程碑，其內涵與原則為：依法行政、公正執行、行使行政中立之行為分際及權利義務有明確的法律依據可遵循。主要目的在使公務人員不偏袒任何黨派，不介入政治紛爭，以全國人民為服務對像，進而提昇政府行政效率與效能。
依公務人員行政中立法第九條規定對公務人員於下班、請假及非執行職務時不得參與政治活動，銓敘部法規司解釋並無違反憲法保障言論及無侵害公務人員權益，因僅限制公務人員不得支持或反對特定之政黨、其他政治團體或公職候選人政治活動或行為，如：站台、遊行或拜票等。但公務人員於下班、請假或非執行職務時，亦為人民的一份子，應考量是否侵犯人民之基本權利、人格權，或屬憲法價值之人性尊嚴。因此，在解釋或修正行政中立法時，應省視公務人員之基本權利是否受到保障與尊重。
[關鍵詞]：基本權利、行政中立法、人性尊嚴、人格權、政治團體
Evaluating Impact of Forbidden Behaviors in Civil Service Administrative Neutrality Act on Civil Servants’ Fundamental Rights and Interests
Chuan-Fa Lin
Abstract
The Civil Service Administrative Neutrality Act was proclaimed and implemented on June 10, 2009, marking a milestone for Taiwan’s administrative neutrality. The act was enacted on the principle of ensuring lawful administration, just execution, administrative neutrality, and adequate regulations on the involvement in political activities. The main purpose is to prevent civil servants from taking sides in political parties and interfering in political troubles. As a result, civil servants would be able to serve the people, and the performance of the government administration will be enhanced. According to the Civil Service Administrative Neutrality Act, civil servants shall not participate in political activities during off-duty hours. The Department of Personnel Planning and Regulations, Ministry of Civil Service explains that the prohibition does not violate the constitutional freedom of speech, or harm the rights and interests of civil servants. For the reason it merely prohibits civil servants from participating in political activities or display such behaviors for political parties, groups, or public office candidates that the civil servants support or oppose. For example, they are banned from showing support during election campaigns or demonstrations, and from soliciting votes for public office candidates. On the other hand, civil servants are also members of the general public during their off-duty hours. Therefore, their basic rights, moral integrity rights, and human dignity in the constitution should be considered. As a result, at the time of explaining or amending Civil Service Administrative Neutrality Act, civil servants’ fundamental rights should be respected and taken into serious consideration.
Keywords: fundamental rights, Civil Service Administrative Neutrality Act, human dignity, moral integrity rights, political groups