政策企業家化解政策衝突之研究
魯炳炎
《摘要》
近年來，國內學術界對於政策企業家的研究文獻愈來愈豐富，但主要仍是聚焦於以理論概念論述其角色扮演和如何扮演好這個角色為主，而比較缺少從化解政策衝突的層面，探討政策企業家對政策議題的掌控，圍堵政策爭論的擴張，乃至於化解政策衝突策略的提出。本文基於國內外政策衝突管理相關研究文獻的評析，從政策企業家在政策衝突過程所扮演角色的重要性出發，提出政策企業家化解政策衝突的研究架構，強調其角色的扮演必須要從被動的化解政策衝突轉化到主動的進行議題管理，透過對政策議題界定和議程設定的能力，明辨政策衝突的本質，進行具有建設性的對話和回應性的傾聽，以提供多元的政策備選方案，從而有助於決策者最後的政策選擇。
[關鍵詞]：政策企業家、政策對話、政策衝突、議題管理
A Study of Policy Entrepreneurs’ Settling Policy Conflicts
Wilbur Bing-Yan Lu
Abstract
Based on the review of literature regarding the work of policy entrepreneurs, which focuses on the theoretical foundation and concepts about the roles they play, this study explores the policy conflict dimension of policy entrepreneurs and expansion and containment strategies of policy actors. Beginning with the discussion of policy conflict management and characteristics and capabilities of policy entrepreneurs, the author extends his discussion about Pralle’s strategies of expansion and containment and then presents the framework of policy entrepreneurs’ work on settling policy conflicts. As issue expansion and containment strategies are part of the larger battle over issue definition, the researcher puts forth the ability of issue definition and agenda-setting and emphasizes effective communication and mediation. And more important, policy entrepreneurs should move from passively settling policy conflicts to taking the initiative of issues management, and work on policy discourse which is significant to convince policy stakeholders and provide more diverse and valuable policy alternatives to decision-makers when they make the final policy choice.
Keywords: policy conflict, issues management, policy discourse, policy entrepreneurs