利害關係人對互動管理的瞭解與應用
蕭元哲
《摘要》
傳統組織與環境裏利害關係人的互動關係是各自獨立且一對一的。現代學者認為組織事實上是生存於一個複雜且關係交錯的網絡中。本文使用契合觀念瞭解組織競爭、互補與合作本質中利害關係人的互動關係與管理，並以三種契合形式瞭解利害關係人多元屬性之互動方向、強度與綜效。再以Mitchell、Agle和Wood（1997）之利害關係人特性理論，嘗試透過政府、公民與員工三類利害關係人團體，闡明其各自在自然環境保護議題上的多元屬性與影響力。
[關鍵詞]：利害關係人網絡、利害關係人多元屬性、利害關係人特性、策略性契合
Understanding and Application of Interaction Management among Stakeholders
Luke Yuan-Che Hisao
Abstract
While stakeholder relationship has traditionally considered an organization’s interactions with stakeholders in terms of independent and dyadic relationships, recent scholarship has pointed to the fact that organizations exist within a complex network of intertwining relationships. This paper adopted the concept of “fit” for understanding the stakeholder’s effects upon the organization of competing, complementary and cooperative stakeholder interactions. Three forms of fit are used to understand stakeholder multiplicity based upon the direction, strength, and synergies of the interacting claims. Additionally, the stakeholder identification and salience of Mitchell, Agle, and Wood (1997) provides a relevant and significant explanation of the nature and effects of stakeholder interaction. Three stakeholder groups (governments, citizens and employees) and the stakeholder issue of concern for the natural environment illustrate a hierarchy of the multiplicity strength of influence of these three stakeholder groups.
Keywords: stakeholder networks, stakeholder multiplicity, stakeholder salience, strategic fit