我國公務人員保障法申訴制度之研究
林全發
《摘要》
我國公務人員長久以來，深受特別權力關係影響。因此，在其權利受損害時，無法提起救濟。經歷大法官會議解釋而逐漸放寬，至民國八十五年立法院依我國憲法第八十三條及憲法增修條文第六條考試院掌理公務人員之保障法意旨，而制訂公務人員保障法。此時，公務人員與國家的關係為特別法律關係，而非特別權力關係。因公務人員保障法在實體上或程序上均有欠周詳，亦不具體，故於民國九十二年大幅修正。
公務人員保障法修正後，從保訓會於審議決定再申訴事件資料上看，撤銷成立事件仍然偏低。基於他山之石可以攻錯，除比較中國公務員申訴控告制度外，並分析我國公務人員保障法準用之謬誤及實務上的見解，認為申訴、再申訴事件適用標的須有具體事實，否則，不予處理或不受理，顯然在保障公務人員權益上仍有不足。因此，思考申訴、再申訴適用標的應包括個別性、一般性、抽象性的事件，不應限定具體事件，亦能透過司法救濟獲得保障。
[關鍵詞]：申訴、再申訴、控告、司法救濟、特別權力關係
A Study of the Appeal System of Civil Service Protection Act in Taiwan
Chuan-Fa Lin
Abstract
The rights of civil servants in Taiwan have been affected by the special rights. As a result, the interpretation from the Council of Grand Justices has gradually released the restrictions. According to the constitution amendment, the Legislative Yuan formulated Public Servants Security Act in 1996. From then on, the relation between civil servants and the nation is not based on special right, but special laws. Because Public Servants Security Act in 1996 is relatively incomprehensive, a substantial amendment was made in 2003.
After the amendment, the revocation rate is still low. This study not only compares the appeal system of the civil service in China, but analyzes the fallacy of Taiwan’s Public Servants Security Act. The results show that the appeal and re-appeal cases, which should be based on facts, are not applicable. Therefore, individuality, generality, and abstraction should be considered in each case. Thus the right of civil servants can be protected by judicial remedies.
Keywords: appeal, re-appeal, charges, judicial remedies, special power relationships