如何消除貪污：四種途徑之分析
王政
《摘要》
近年來，反貪污已成為一股全球性的運動，本文首先探討貪污的概念、發生原因、及其影響，再以律師途徑、商人途徑、經濟學家途徑、公民途徑等探討消除貪污的具體措施。雖然各國曾採用上述途徑有效降低貪污，但可能必須付出相對的社會成本作為代價，因此，本文建議政府採取符合我國國情的措施改善貪污問題。在律師途徑方面，應檢討現行的法律與制度並落實執法，藉以嚇阻貪污行為；在商人途徑方面，可以提高公務員的士氣和榮譽感，重視其生涯規劃和促進升遷的公平性；在經濟學家途徑方面，政府可經由推動經濟自由化和行政革新減少貪污機會，相關措施包括解除管制、簡化行政流程、運用電子化政府以促進資訊及採購的透明化；在公民途徑方面，應加強公共教育，定期舉辦貪污調查，藉以喚起民眾反貪的意識，並且鼓勵非政府組織共同參與打擊貪污。
[關鍵詞]：貪污指數、尋租、扈從關係網絡、裙帶關係、良善治理
How to Eradicate Corruption: The Analysis of Four Approaches
Cheng Wang
Abstract
Anti-corruption has become a global trend in recent years. First, this paper discusses the concepts, causes, and consequences of corruption. Then it uses the lawyer’s approach, the businessman’s approach, the economist’s approach, and the citizen’s approach to analyze the measures of corruption eradication. Although other countries have employed these approaches and effectively reduced corruption, their success might be achieved at the expense of social costs. Therefore, this paper advises the government to adopt measures in accordance with the country’s circumstance in controlling corruption. On the lawyer’s approach, the government should review its institutions and laws, and enhance law enforcement to deter corrupt behaviors. On the businessman’s approach, the government can increase public servants’ morale and honor, focus on their career planning, and ensure the fairness of promotion. On the economist’s approach, the government can reduce the opportunities of corruption by conducting economic liberalization and administrative reform. The practical measures include deregulation, the simplification of administrative process, and the promotion of transparency of public information and procurement via e-government. Finally, on the citizen’s approach, the government should devote itself to public education and conduct survey regularly so that the public awareness of corruption can be aroused. It can also encourage non-governmental organizations to participate in fighting against corruption. Keywords: Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI), rent-seeking, patron-client networks, nepotism, good governance