日本獨立行政法人制度變遷之經驗分析：從橋本內閣到安倍二次組閣
李天申、寺山學
《摘要》
在傳統的行政體系中，行政機關肩負政策制定與執行的雙重角色。1980年代起，許多民主國家依據新公共管理理念，廣設與政府保持「一臂之距」並專注於政策執行、降低政治干預的政署，當中又以英國最富代表性。這股「政署化」風潮，在橋本龍太郎執政時吹進日本。對此，橋本內閣成立行政改革會議，經參考與轉化英國經驗後，創設獨立行政法人制度。制度實施之後，在小泉純一郎內閣、第二次安倍晉三內閣期間，又做相當程度的調整。本研究將獨立行政法人的制度發展，視為連續性的動態過程。對此，本研究探討獨立行政法人制度變遷的原因與過程。該經驗可作為我國推動行政改革的借鏡。
[關鍵詞]：獨立行政法人、政署、行政法人、制度變遷
Analysis of Changes in Independent Administrative Institutions in Japan: From Hashimoto Administration to Second Abe Administration
Tien-Shen Li, Manabu Terayama
Abstract
Under traditional administrative arrangements, the executive branch has the dual role of policymaking and implementation. Since the 1980s, many democracies have adopted the concept of New Public Management (NPM) and established a wide range of executive agencies that work at arm’s length from the government. These agencies are designed to focus on policy implementation free from political interference. The United Kingdom is one of the most notable examples of the application of NPM in public policy. Japan’s promotion of “agencification” began under the administration of Ryutaro Hashimoto. Hashimoto established the Administrative Reform Council, which proposed the establishment of Independent Administrative Institutions (IAIs) based on the experience of the United Kingdom. The system of IAIs was then subject to considerable changes during the Koizumi administration and the second Abe administration. This study considers the development of IAIs as a continuous and dynamic process. In this regard, this study analyzes the reasons for and processes of the changes in IAIs. These experiences provide a useful reference for administrative reform in Taiwan.
Keywords: Independent Administrative Institution; executive agency; agencification; institutional change