邁向後新公共管理時代之政策整合理論初探
李長晏、陳嫈郁、曾淑娟
《摘要》
後新公共管理的轉型與修正，隨著世界各國因應全球化、高度風險社會、以及一日千里的資通訊技術驅動下，不論是解決困境的問題挑戰或是超前部署的發展機會，都不斷地推動新一波公共行政的轉型，不論是以政府為中心或是以治理為中心的變革，均呈現出多元價值及多樣政策工具混合的競爭樣貌。同時對政府、市場和公民社會三者的共同治理抱持高度整合期待，強調合作、協調、協同的治理機制運作也成為共同的信念、價值和研究路徑。因此，在後公共管理時代，以全局綜觀協調各種治理機制所進行的政策整合將成為實現後設治理重要策略工具，甚而形成整合典範。
政策整合理論研究和實務探析，已日漸成為後新公共管理時代改革的創新趨勢，為了提高政策整合的概念理解，在政策協調與整合的研究中，哪些經驗難題值得分析？哪些理論方法適合解釋整合型政策的協調與整合過程？乃是本文中最主要的兩個研究問題。據此，本文乃透過理論脈絡探究從新公共管理轉向後新公共管理所引發政策整合理論興起且受到關注的背景原因，進而探討政策整合理論的發展圖像、政策整合過程和治理能力的分析框架，以及反思政策整合理論化研究的挑戰等4項問題，來引導政策整合理論架構之建構，進而為後續整合理論研究與實踐奠基。
[關鍵詞]：新公共管理、後新公共管理、政策整合、政策協調、整合策略
Exploration of Policy Integration Theory in the Post-New Public Management Era
Chang-Yen Lee, Rene Ying-Yu Chen, Shu-Chuan Tseng
Abstract
The transformation and modification of post-NPM, as countries around the world respond to globalization, high-risk societies and the rapid development of information and communication technologies, whether it is to solve difficult problems or advanced deployment opportunities, they are constantly promoting a new wave of public administrative transformation. They may be government-centered or governance-centered reforms, all presenting a competitive appearance of a mixture of multiple values and diverse policy tools. At the same time, they hold high expectations for the joint governance of the government, the market and civil society, and the operation of the governance mechanism on coordination and cooperation has also become a common belief, value and research path. Therefore, in the post-NPM era, policy integration through a comprehensive view of meta-governance and coordination of various governance mechanisms will become an important strategic tool for achieving meta-governance, and even forms an integrative paradigm.
The research of policy integration theory and the analysis of policy integration practice will become the trend of reform and innovation in the post-NPM era. In order to improve the conceptual understanding of policy integration, what empirical problems are worth analyzing in the study of policy coordination and integration? Which theoretical methods are suitable for explaining the coordination and integration process of integrated policies? These are the two main research questions in this article. Therefore, this article intends to explore the reasons for the rise of the policy integration theory inspired by the transition from NPM to post-NPM through theoretical context and then explore the four questions: the development image of policy integration theory, the analysis framework of policy integration process and governance capacity, and the challenges of theoretical research on policy integration. These are the four questions guiding the construction of the theoretical framework of policy integration, and then serve as the foundation for subsequent integration theoretical research and practice.
Keywords: NPM, Post-NPM, policy integration, policy coordination, integrated strategies