所謂「物以類聚、人以群分」，在現實生活中，我們不難觀察到具共通點較多、較相似的兩人，更容易被彼此吸引，從而發展出良好互動關係，同時，部分公務人員實務調查結果顯示出領導實務問題與工作滿意度仍有待改善。本研究希望從「領導部屬交換理論（leader-member exchange theory, LMX）」之觀點，試圖了解當主管與部屬間的「相似性」如何影響工作滿意度。同時，工作滿意度屬複合性概念，本研究期能更聚焦在主管與部屬間的層次，因此使用「部屬對主管滿意度」進行檢驗。基此，本文主要欲探究的問題是：主管與部屬間在哪些面向的相似會影響部屬對主管滿意度？
本研究以量化問卷方式針對臺北市區公所各科室公務人員進行調查，並取得33位主管及108位部屬之樣本，得到以下研究發現：領導風格上及性別的相似與否，並不會影響部屬對主管滿意度，但當部屬對主管有高度信任、以及「認為自己受到高度支持」時，不論主管是否真的對其信任或是支持，就能帶來更高的部屬對主管滿意度。據此，本研究發現「部屬如何認知」是相當關鍵的因素：對他們來說，無論主管心中實際是怎麼看部屬的，只要能夠讓部屬有「正面感受」，特別是在「信任主管」及「知覺主管支持」程度越高時，即可對主管有較高的滿意度，也能讓部屬有繼續追隨主管的動力。
Does Similarity Increase Subordinates’ Satisfaction? A Perspective of Leader-Member Exchange Theory
Ting-Hung Wang, Hsiang-Kai Dong, Chung-Yuang Jan
Abstract
As a saying goes, “Birds of a feather flock together,” people with more similarities are more likely to be attracted to each other. Some prior studies showed that when government employees were not satisfied with the leadership of their leaders, it would affect their job satisfaction. This study aims at exploring why leaders make different relationships with different subordinates, from the perspective of Leader-Member Exchange theory, and tries to answer the question of whether the similarity in the level of trust, support from supervisors, and leadership style affect the staff’s satisfaction with supervisors.
This study conducted a questionnaire survey on government employees in Taipei City government. We successfully gathered responses from 33 supervisors and 108 subordinates in total. After analyzing the results, this study found that although the similarity in leadership style and gender did not affect the satisfaction with the supervisors, subordinates still had a high degree of satisfaction with supervisors when they perceived a higher level of trust and a higher level of support from their supervisors. In general, the cognition of subordinates is crucial. For the subordinates, no matter how supervisors think, as long as they trust their supervisors and believe they have enough support, they will have positive attitude toward their supervisors. Hence, as long as the subordinates trust their supervisors and feel they are supported, they are willing to follow orders.
Keywords: Leader-Member Exchange Theory, similarity, satisfaction with supervisors, job satisfaction