公共服務動機析論:兼論後年改時代提升公共服務動機之策略
李俊達
《摘要》
應用公共服務動機(public service motivation, PSM)時,必須考量一個核心的根本問題,亦即公共服務動機是一個「人格特質」還是一種「心理狀態」。若為特質則將穩定一致,但若為一種狀態,就可能將隨著時間狀況改變而變異。若公共服務動機為穩定一致的人格特質,理應不輕易受年金改革影響而變動。相對地,目前有關年金改革對於公共服務動機的影響,其看法是將公共服務動機視為一種心理狀態,隨著時間狀況改變而變異。探討年金改革對公共服務動機的影響,或未來在從事相關激勵策略的研究時,必須先釐清公共服務動機究竟是人格特質還是心理狀態。特質說的公共服務動機涉及從個人與工作本身加以提升,其策略包括整合公共服務動機與人力資源管理的過程、創造並傳達工作的意義與目的。狀態說的公共服務動機,其提升的策略創造是一個能夠支持公共服務動機的工作環境,並將公共服務與組織的使命、策略與領導相互整合,以及在社會面建立公共服務的外部正當性。
[關鍵詞]:年金改革、公共服務動機、激勵
On Public Service Motivation and Its Enhancing Strategies after Civil Service Pension Reform in Taiwan
Chunta Lee
Abstract
When discussing public service motivation (PSM), one of the core issues is whether it is a personality trait or a state of mind. A personality trait is a stable characteristic of an individual that is consistent in all situations at all time. However, a state of mind is a transient characteristic that can change over time in different situations. If PSM is a consistent trait, civil service PSM would not be changed by pension reform. If PSM is a transient state, the impacts of pension reform may lower civil service PSM. For personality trait cases, the promotion strategies for PSM need to redesign procedure of human resources management to recruit applicants with PSM and provide on-the-job training by emphasizing work value and meaning. On the other hand, the promotion strategies for state of mind cases are creating a supporting organization environment, integrating commitments, visions and leaderships of public organizations, and building the legitimacy of public service recognized by society.
Keywords: pension reform, public service motivation, motivation