管理才能評鑑途徑的爭議與展望：以「籃中演練」為例
黃一峯
《摘要》
以評鑑中心作為評量管理才能的評鑑機制，在歐美國家廣為運用，國內則在近年受到重視。評鑑中心向來有任務基礎與向度基礎的途徑爭議，前者主張應以「標的職位」的具體工作職掌作為培訓與評鑑的標準；後者則強調所管理職務不分功能專業，均可適用共通的能力（向度）評量標準。然而，就職能模式而言，完整的職能必須兼具職掌與向度。本文探討此一爭議的焦點所在，並以籃中演練為例，說明任務基礎途徑的可行性。本文設計任務基礎的警察局派出所所長籃中演練，以31個情境評測10項任務行為，並以警察大學特考班及警佐班學員為施測對象。統計結果顯示，性別、班別年齡、學歷在任務行為成績上有部分顯著差異。作者並對籃中演練未來的應用與研究提出建議。
[關鍵詞]： 任務基礎評鑑中心、向度基礎評鑑中心、籃中演練
Debate on Assessment Center Approaches and Its Solutions: A Case of In-Basket Exercise
Irving Yi-Feng Huang
Abstract
The assessment center has been widely used in European and American countries as an assessment mechanism for assessing management expertise, and it has received attention in Taiwan in recent years. Since 1980s, there has long been a debate between supporters of two approaches -- task-based assessment center (TBAC) and dimension-based assessment center (DBAC). The former advocates that the job tasks of the "target position" should be used as the criteria for training and assessment; the latter emphasizes that the common ability (dimension) criteria can be applied to all managerial positions regardless of professional demands. However, according to the competency model theory, full competency means the ability to achieve both task and dimension. This article discusses the focus of this controversy, explore the feasibility of the task-based approach through implementing in-basket exercise. This article designs a task-based in-basket for police station chiefs. It includes 31 situations to assess ten task behaviors, and invites trainees from the Central Police University as subjects. The statistical results indicate that gender, class, age, and educational background have some significant differences in task performance. The author also makes suggestions for the future application and research of the in-basket exercise.
Keywords: task-based assessment center (TBAC), dimension-based assessment center (DBAC), in-basket exercise