在公共事務日益複雜、民眾需求日益增加，但政府的能量有限的狀況下，協力治理成為政府完成許多公共任務所仰賴的模式。服務契約委外是公私協力常見的模式之一，本文研究主旨在運用社會服務契約委外的架構，分析臺北市親密關係暴力防治業務的委外，以提供未來政府委外之建議。研究方法上，採取半結構式的深度訪談，對象包括主管機關與4家受託的民間機構，訪談焦點包括參與者的特性與動機、履約管理制度的設計與成本，以及履約過程的合作與衝突，並討論委外對於經濟效率、效能品質及公平性的影響。研究結果發現，主管機關出於能量有限而採用委外的方式，邀請民間機構參與提供個案服務，民間機構除了在乎政府提供的資源之外，委外對於民間組織轉型和獨立性的影響亦是重要考量，兩造理念上的差距可能使民間團體退出委外的業務。民間團體對於契約設定的指標及履約過程中產生的行政作業的負擔有不少的批評，希望政府可以簡化程序並採用多元指標，以兼顧社會服務的質與量。主管機關設有正式與非正式的溝通管道，民間團體不只運用這些管道，更能運用橫向串聯及向中央反映的途徑表達對於契約指標與社會服務提供模式的不同想法。委外的結果對於成本的下降可能效果不顯著，但民間機構得以藉由在特定地區長期深耕來提升服務的品質與效果，在公平性上則因為民間機構的價值信念而可能對不同性別的民眾有差別待遇，另一方面，母機構資源多的民間機構可以提供超出契約預期的服務，儘管受益的是民眾，卻也可能引發其他地區民眾公平性的疑慮。
An Analysis of Government-Citizen Collaboration in the Prevention of Intimate Partner Violence
Mei Jen Hung, Hong-En Wu
Abstract
With the increasing demands from citizens and limited government capacity to satisfy the demands, collaborative governance has become a popular approach to provide public service. Contracting out is one of the commonly adopted approaches of collaboration. This paper uses a framework to evaluate social services contracting out to study Taipei city government’s outsourcing the work of preventing intimate partner violence. Interviews of government officials and non-governmental organizations in charge of providing the service were conducted. There are several major findings. First, government decided to contract out the services due to its limited capacity to fulfill the new requirements by law. Non-governmental organizations care about the resources provided by the government as well as the potential impacts of contracts on the transformation and independence of NGOs. They may consider to leave when they no longer share the same core belief with the government. Second, non-governmental organizations criticize government for excessive red tape and call for the adoption for multiple indicators to evaluate their performance. Third, non-governmental organizations make their voice heard by collaborating with other organizations or participating in decision-making at the central level. Last, contracting out in this case seemed to help enhance the quality of service. However, it may induce inequality between service recipients of different gender or in different administrative areas.
Keywords: public-private collaboration, contracting out, Taiwan intimate partner violence danger assessment (TIPVDA), social services