都會災害防救中的協力決策:對市府部門的互動網絡評估
李宗勳、陳世榮
《摘要》
災害治理是當前文官制度的重要議題。在過去的幾十年裡,公共行政學術致力研究如何通過合作治理構建災害治理的系統韌性設計,鮮少將協力決策置於災害事故脈絡下進行探究。李宗勳(2017)已在〈大量傷患事件的協力決策治理與系統韌性之比較研究〉乙文探討不同的災害事故類別是否會有不同應變的協力決策治理態樣。本研究則進一步提出信任與分擔、資訊與溝通、課責與規範、領導與指揮等4項協力決策要素,並運用訪問所得的數據資料,利用社會網絡分析觀點與技術,就新北市、臺南市及高雄市市府局處的防災應變互動,進行協力決策的特徵評估,所見優勢與差異可作為未來地方災害防救決策的參考。
[關鍵詞]: 協力決策、災害防救、社會網絡分析、市政府、指數隨機圖模型
Collaborative Decision-making in Urban Disaster Prevention and Relief: An Interactive Network Assessment of Municipal Agencies
Tzung-Shiun Li, Roger S. Chen
Abstract
Disaster governance is one of the critical issues of civil service. In the past ten years, while collaborative governance has been under extensive studies with a view to constructing urban resilience to disasters, collaborative decision-making in the context of disaster management has not received much attention. In his previous study (Li, 2017), one of the authors has discussed whether different patterns of collaborative governance and responses are in line with different kinds of disasters. This paper goes further to argue that collaborative decision-making in disaster governance involves four key elements including trust and sharing, information and communication, accountability and norms, and leadership and command. The paper uses the four elements as criteria, the empirical data collected from interviews and the prospective and techniques of social network analysis to assess the characteristics of collaborative decision-making across three different cities -- New Taipei, Tainan and Kaohsiung. The assessment is based on the interactions and perceptions of municipal agencies and is designed to detect the strength and distinctness of the municipal disaster governance. The results of the assessment are expected to contribute to future local decision-making process for disaster prevention and relief.
Keywords: collaborative decision-making, disaster prevention and relief, social network analysis, municipality, Exponential Random Graph Model