公務人員考選制度關鍵技術之國際啟示
彭錦鵬、李俊達
《摘要》
選才之核心在於透過適當篩選工具，考察應考人之心理認知、學習能力、學習成果、人格特質，以便為事擇人，適才適所。國外考選制度會因所要考選人才之層次，訂出不同型態的考選方法，而為達到考選效度的要求，政府必須付出較高的成本，研究比較耗費時間、人力和研究能量的考選方法，包括各種邏輯推理測驗、通識測驗、口試、評量中心考試方法等。
我國公務人員現行考選制度，往往為了滿足國家考試表面上的公平價值，過度仰賴專業科目的筆試方法，而缺乏針對篩選人才所需的效度測驗，包括多元的通識測驗、人格特質審查等。無論從學理或國際經驗來看，皆屬不理想與落後。本文從為國選擇最適人才的角度，進行學理與歐美國家及亞洲相關鄰國的國際經驗進行重點剖析。同時，基於我國公務人員淘汰機制幾乎難以發揮效果之現實，本文並列舉考選制度改革的障礙，提供解決之道。
[關鍵詞]：文官制度、考選、甄募、公部門、公務人員
Critical Methods of Civil Service Selection System: An International Experience Comparison
Thomas C.-P. Peng, Chunta Lee
Abstract
The point of public employee selection system is to select the most qualified candidates after testing applicants’ psychological cognition, learning capacity, learning results, and personality. After reviewing international trend and the current civil service system in Taiwan, this paper finds that selection process must be differentiated according to the requirement of job levels to achieve test validity. Government needs to put in adequate resources to develop effective selection methods for achievement tests, cognitive tests, and personality tests.
The civil service examination in Taiwan traditionally tests almost exclusively the applicants' professional knowledge but is valued by society as open and fair. However, Taiwan's current civil service selection system fails to meet the standard of test validity and pales in comparison with those of advanced Asian and Western countries. This paper proposes some recommendations to improve the civil service selection system in Taiwan.
Keywords: civil service, recruitment, selection, public sector, public employee