性騷擾為當前重要的社會議題，有許多研究者以此為研究主題進行探討；然而，國內對於工作場所性騷擾主題，已累積相當的成果，但這些文獻大部分是從法制的規範面來探討。當然國內也進行某些經驗性的研究，不過多數的研究是採取質性的訪談法，或小規模的調查研究，其樣本的代表性和可推論性受到較大的限制。由於過去缺少總體資料的統計分析，本文認為有必要透過較大樣本及全面的調查方式，以循證資料為基礎，來探討此一議題，希望能夠彌補此一研究的缺口。
本文主要透過「工作場所性別平等概況調查」的次級資料，來探討性騷擾的成因及影響。首先說明工作場所性騷擾的主要意涵、盛行率及嚴重性，其次探討工作場所性騷擾的不同理論觀點，包括社會文化理論、性別角色溢出理論、接觸觀點、組織權力觀點及組織文化觀點等，做為本文提出研究假設之基礎。接著就影響性騷擾的個人因素和組織因素分別提出探討，其中個人的因素包括受害者的性別、年齡、婚姻狀況及教育程度；而組織因素則包括組織層級化、組織特性、工作系絡及申訴制度等。再者則探究性騷擾可能對工作相關結果，包括工作分配、考核、升遷、訓練、福利及離職等因素的影響，最後並根據所推導之研究假設，擬定出分析架構，藉以檢證各項影響因素的內涵及其間的相互關係。從統計分析的結果顯示，個人因素和組織因素與性騷擾的形成有顯著的關係；而性騷擾對組織成員的工作相關結果方面，也明顯地造成不利的影響。
Causes and Consequences of Workplace Sexual Harassment: An Evidence-Based Data Analysis in Taiwan
Huan-Jung Huang
Abstract
Sexual harassment has emerged as a significant social problem. Although a large number of researchers have investigated the related issues of workplace sexual harassment, there have been few empirical and nationally representative studies of the prevalence and correlative factors of workplace sexual harassment. This paper tries to use evidence-based data analysis to fill the gap.
This paper uses “gender equality in the workplace survey” of secondary data to examine the causes and consequences of sexual harassment in the workplace. Firstly, the paper introduces the concept, prevalence and severity of workplace sexual harassment. Secondly, it discusses the different perspectives of sexual harassment at work, including socio-cultural theory, sex role spillover, contact hypothesis, formal power and informal power, and organizational culture and climate perspective as a foundation of the hypothesis presented in this paper. It then presents individual and organizational factors that influence sexual harassment, individual factors include victims' gender, age, marital status, education attainment; organizational factors, include organizational hierarchy, organizational characteristics, job context and internal complaint system. Furthermore, the paper explores the impact of sexual harassment on the organization, including work assignments, performance evaluation, promotion, training, benefits and turnover. And finally, based on the hypotheses, this study develops an analytical framework to examine the potential causes and consequences of workplace harassment. As shown by the statistical analysis, both individual and organizational factors contribute to harassment, which has a negative impact on an organization's employees.
Keywords: workplace sexual harassment, gender equality, characteristics of victims, secondary data analysis, evidence-based data