我國移民管理之政策與未來之發展
陳明傳
《摘要》
移民政策是解決移民問題的基本原則或方針，然而我國尚無所謂全盤性的移民或謂人口移動政策。本文將我國與移民政策相關之發展區分為三個階段，其即為：1.早期移民政策之發展，包括移民政策綱領草案與移民政策白皮書；2.近期移民政策之發展過程；以及3.當代移民政策之建構與未來之發展等。
其次論述移民管理在實務方面之發展，其中包含我國移民管理相關措施之發展、警政與移民相關議題之新發展方面（包括社區警政與移民管理之全國新住民火炬計畫），以及各國移民管理與社區警政策略之新發展等。其中各先進之移民大國，活用社區警政推展之原則，將新移民融入其社區之成功經驗；以及從移民社區之中，獲取相關的非法移民之情資，均對於我國之移民管理，有甚多值得借鏡之處。
最後本文建議我國實宜建立人權與社會安寧兼容並蓄的人口移動政策，以便有效的執法並可結合外來之人力資源。再者，我國亦應建構移民社區資源整合之社區警政新概念。因此，我國之移民政策規劃，因為政治因素之影響，早期並無較完整之關注與規劃，至近期雖因為解嚴與社經之快速發展，以及與兩岸關係改善與全球接軌發展的催化下，逐漸有移民政策綱領與移民政策白皮書的產出。唯在政策、法制規劃面的全方位開展、政策面的落實執行與組織運作面的全力配套推展等方面，並不若移民先進國家的落實而見其成效。質言之，我國雖因社會之快速變遷與發展，而具體之移民政策似乎已漸具其芻形，唯比照先進之移民大國，則在移民法制立法、移民政策規劃與移民組織之確立，以及落實管理與執行等等方面，則仍有相當大的成長與努力之空間。
[關鍵詞]：移民政策、移民管理、移民
ROC’s Migration Policy and Its Future Development
Mark M. Chen
Abstract
A nation’s migration policy aims to resolve immigration and emigration issues. However, in Taiwan we do not have a comprehensive migration policy now. This paper divides our migration policy evolution into three phases, namely: 1. the early development of migration policy, including the draft policy and immigration policy white paper; 2. evolving of migration policy development in the last decade; and 3. current development and future trend of Taiwan’s immigration policy.
This article goes on to discuss the practices and new developments of migration administration, including innovations of migration administration, community policing and immigration control, as well as the national “torch program” for new immigrants. Also, based upon various nations’ successful immigration management experiences, this paper tries to figure out a better way of balancing migration control and social security.
Finally, this paper recommends establishing a migration policy which pays attention not only to the rights of immigrants but also to homeland security. Only through a comprehensive development of migration policy can we reach the ultimate goals of becoming a developed nation of excellent migration administration.
Keywords: Migration Policy, Immigration Administration, Immigration