我國地方政府創新治理研究初探
韓保中
《摘要》
一九七○年代末臺灣以中央集權形式，在新竹地區規劃與整合科技產業發展，建立龐大的科技產業聚落，形成官、學、研、產緊密合作的網絡關係，竹科經驗被視為臺灣「國家創新系統」的代表，此後更向中南部新設園區，加上個別地區的特色產業，逐漸發展出新的「區域創新系統」。隨著臺灣地方政府自治意識強化，創新已非中央政府專營獨占事務，地方首長為了增加地方競爭力與稅收來源，無不強化相關投資與發展，將創新成果視為重要政績，而地方政府的角色，也有配合執行、參與創新及主動創新三類。臺灣的創新系統研究，多關注在國家與區域創新系統發展，或強調產業、群聚與經營面向，公共行政與政策、地方政府及治理策略等研究相對較少。本文為研究初探，將梳理我國創新系統研究的類型與方向，並指出地方政府創新治理研究的必要性與可供研究省思之處。
[關鍵詞]：國家創新系統、區域創新系統、地方政府、地方治理
A Preliminary Study of Innovation Governance of Local Governments in Taiwan
Bao-Chung Han
Abstract
In the 1970s, Taiwan’s central government started to develop high-tech industries through a centralized approach. It created large-scale high-tech clusters which highlighted strong networks among the state, academia, labs and industries. The centralized way of developing the high-tech sector in Hsinchu area was lauded as the cornerstone of Taiwan’s national innovation system. The HsinChu experience was later imitated when Taiwan established similar technological parks in central and southern Taiwan. Now, many counties and cities in Taiwan have set up their local science and industrial parks, nurturing many distinctive industries and gradually developing them into regional innovation systems. As local government agencies were strengthened, innovation was no longer monopolized by the central government. Many local governments invest heavily in innovation for the sake of increasing competitiveness and tax revenue. The fruitful results of innovation would be regarded as an achievement of the local government, which plays three roles in innovation sphere in Taiwan -- reactive accommodation, active participation and proactive innovation. The academic studies of innovation systems in Taiwan mainly concentrate on national and regional levels, the industrial perspectives, cluster effects, and innovation management and little attention has been paid to the innovation governance and policies of local governments. This article, as a preliminary study, reviews innovation studies in Taiwan and demonstrate the importance of innovation initiatives of local governments. This paper concludes with some reflections on the research related to innovation and governance.
Keywords: national system of innovation, regional system of innovation, local government, local governance